Many people battle the humble dandelion, which grows in lawns and sunny open spaces throughout the world. But if these maligned yellow-blossomed plants pop up in a yard or garden, there’s a better way to control the problem: eat them.
Every part of the dandelion is edible – leaves, roots, stems, and flowers. And the plants are nutritional powerhouses. The greens are rich in beta-carotene, fiber, potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, B vitamins, and protein. Their nutrition profile compares favorably to kale and spinach and trounces iceberg lettuce, the most widely eaten salad green in the United States.
It may sound strange to forage in the backyard for dinner, but wild greens were once a dietary staple around the world. Many cultures still eat them regularly. Dan Buettner, author of The Blue Zones Solution: Eating and Living Like the World’s Healthiest People, partly attributes the longevity of natives of Ikaria, Spain to their daily consumption of wild greens, including dandelion leaves.1
Some North Americans have caught on to dandelion’s superfood status. High-end farmers’ markets and boutique grocery stores often sell them in small, expensive bundles. But thrifty consumers can gather dandelions from lawns and urban meadows for free. However, not all dandelion greens are equal. It pays to know when and how to safely pick them.
How to Harvest Dandelion Greens
First, be sure to identify dandelion correctly, because it has a few doppelgangers. Look for smooth leaves shaped like jagged teeth. (The flower’s name comes from the French dent-de-lion or “tooth of lion.”) Dandelions’ thick stems are hollow and filled with milky sap. Catsears – dandelions’ most ubiquitous look-alike – are often called False Dandelions. They are distinguished by hairy leaves with round lobes and wiry, branched stems. Catsears are edible, but the leaves are not as palatable as those of the dandelion.
Pick dandelion leaves from lawns free of pesticides or herbicides. Avoid areas near building foundations, streets, and driveways, where the soil’s lead levels tend to be highest.2 Wash the greens well if they’re from a place frequented by pets.
For the most tender and least bitter greens, herbalists advise foragers to harvest before the plant flowers. However, it can be tricky to find the leaves before the blossom appears. Raw dandelion greens will probably taste bitter to most people, regardless of when they’re harvested. The key is to look for tender leaves and learn how to prepare them based on taste preferences.
The affinity for bitter foods varies from person to person. Scientists have discovered supertasters (people who have a supersensitive sense of taste), non-tasters, and everything in between. Raw dandelion greens taste particularly unpleasant to supertasters.3 But that’s no reason to lose out on the benefits of this nutritious plant. Fortunately, there are plenty of tactics to tame the bitterness of dandelion greens. Moreover, food preferences are malleable and based on exposure. In addition, many health experts believe bitterness is an important, often-neglected key to optimum wellness.
Bitter Foods for Better Health
Bitter compounds are plants’ way of protecting themselves from being eaten by mammals. Bitter plants are more likely to be dangerous to humans, so we’re acutely sensitized to the taste. However, bitter plants are also more likely to be highly nutritious, because phytonutrients have a bitter, sour, or astringent taste.4 It’s no coincidence that kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and other phytonutrient-rich foods are bitter.
Unfortunately because of consumer preference the food industry has largely bred bitterness out of our food.5 As a result, we lose out on more than just nutrition. Bitterness is important for liver health. It stimulates the liver to produce bile, which aids digestion and nutrient availability. Bitter foods also modulate hunger.6
Clinical herbalist Guido Masé believes a daily dose of bitterness could eliminate the need for many food-restriction diets. And physician and author Dr. Tieraona Low Dog recommends pre-meal bitters for people with food and environmental allergies, gas and bloating, and sugar cravings.7
Eating dandelion is an excellent way to benefit from bitterness, and dandelion’s curative powers go beyond its bitter taste. It has been used as a medicine for thousands of years for numerous conditions. In fact, its Latin name Taraxacum officinale means the “official remedy for disorders.”
Dandelion Cures
Native Americans boiled dandelion and drank the water to treat kidney disease, swelling, skin problems, heartburn, and stomach troubles. The Chinese use the plant to treat breast and stomach issues and appendicitis. In Europe, it’s been used for fever, boils, eye problems, diabetes, and diarrhea.8
Modern scientific studies are scant, but research has confirmed dandelions as a folk-remedy diuretic. It is prescribed for edema in Germany and may be safer than other remedies because it replenishes potassium.910 Preliminary animal studies suggest that dandelion may help normalize blood sugar and fight inflammation.11 Dandelion root extract caused cancer cells to destroy themselves in a Canadian lab study, which prompted a clinical study (the results of which are not yet available).12
Consuming dandelion is generally very safe, although some people may be allergic to the plant, and patients with gall-bladder conditions and gallstones should talk to a doctor before ingesting it.13 For the vast majority of people, dandelions are a highly nutritious and beneficial addition to the diet. When prepared well, they’re also delicious.
Gourmet Dandelion Greens Recipes
Wild foods expert Dr. John Kallas advises people to use one of four methods to tame dandelion greens’ bitterness:
Benefiting from dandelion doesn’t have to be complicated. Add leaves to salads and smoothies, or dry the leaves and steep them in hot water for a nutritious tea. Toss the roots into soups and stews, or roast and boil for a nutty-tasting coffee substitute.14
For a tasty treat, fry the flowers in a savory or sweet batter.
The following recipes use some of Kallas’s methods to transform dandelion leaves into epicurean delights.
Wilted Dandelion Greens Salad with Bacon
Ingredients:
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 3 slices bacon
- 3 cloves garlic, minced
- 1 pound bunch dandelion greens, trimmed and torn into strips
- 2 boiled eggs
- Salt and black pepper to taste
- 4 teaspoons apple cider or red wine vinegar
- 2 tablespoons maple syrup
Directions:
- Heat the olive oil over medium heat in a large skillet. Add the bacon and cook, stirring occasionally, until the bacon is crisp. Remove the bacon from the pan, and sauté the garlic in the grease. Add the dandelion greens and remove the skillet from the heat, stirring until the greens are wilted. Stir in the vinegar and maple syrup. Crumble the bacon and boiled eggs over the greens. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Lemon Garlic Dandelion Greens
Ingredients:
- 1 pound dandelion greens
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- sea salt to taste
- fresh lemon
Directions:
- Heat olive oil and garlic in a skillet over medium heat. Once the garlic is fragrant (10 to 30 seconds), add the dandelion greens. Toss and cook for three to five minutes until greens are wilted. Remove from heat. Sprinkle on sea salt and spritz with fresh lemon juice. Eat as a side dish, on pasta, or on slices of toasted rustic bread topped with fried eggs.
Dandelion Pesto
Ingredients:
- 1 pound dandelion greens
- 3 cloves garlic
- 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
- 1/3 cup chopped walnuts, toasted and cooled
- 1/2 teaspoon sea salt
- 1/2 cup olive oil
Directions:
- Combine all ingredients except olive oil in a food processor. Pulse several times until everything is minced, and scrape down the sides with a rubber spatula. With the food processor running, slowly pour in olive oil. Blend until all ingredients are combined and smooth. Serve over pasta or on pizza.
Conclusion
Armed with dandelion’s impressive nutritional profile, countless benefits, and these mouth-watering recipes, you may hope to see more yellow blossoms pop up in your yard. Don’t worry, your neighbors will probably be happy to share some of theirs.
Reprinted with permission from our friends at Fix.com/blog
About the author:
Abby Quillen is the author of the novel “The Garden of Dead Dreams” and the editor of two anthologies. Her articles and essays have appeared in YES! Magazine and The Christian Science Monitor and on Common Dreams, Nation of Change, Reader Supported News, The Daily Good, Truthout, and Shareable.
Abby lives in Eugene, Oregon, with her family. When she’s not writing or working on her website, Abbyquillen.com, she grows vegetables and weeds, bikes and walks as much as she can, and jots down cute things her kids say.
Sources:
- http://bit.ly/1fytiBP
- http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/soils/lead-in-home-garden/
- http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-matter-of-taste-180940699/?no-ist
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25051278
- http://news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=11100
- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-weil-md/bitter-foods_b_5206909.html
- http://www.evelynelambrecht.com/healthy-home-get-well-without-prescriptions-dr-tieraona-low-dog/
- http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/dandelion
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155102/
- http://www.progressivehealth.com/dandelion-water-retention.htm
- http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/dandelion
- http://www.naturalhealth365.com/benefits-of-dandelion-tea-cancer-cells-1344.html
- http://www.thedailyspud.com/2010/05/14/dandelions-just-eat-em/
- http://learningherbs.com/remedies-recipes/dandelion-coffee/
- http://articles.latimes.com/2013/apr/06/food/la-fo-dandelion-greens-rec3-20130406
- http://tavolamediterranea.com/2014/08/04/sauteed-cicoria-dandelion-greens-with-lemon/
- http://www.gourmet.com/recipes/2000s/2009/06/kemps-egg-on-toast-with-dandelion-greens.html
- http://www.tablespoon.com/recipes/dandelion-greens-pesto/f55b707e-23b2-42f1-a929-56ab2f0c0668